The faulthandler Revelation: Solving a Deceptive Mac Segmentation Fault

I just spent days chasing a ghost. A Segmentation fault: 11 was crashing my app on Mac, and every logical step—pinning dependencies, comparing versions—led me in circles. The AI and I were convinced it was a voice synthesis library. We were wrong. The breakthrough finally came when I used Python’s faulthandler, a tool I wish the AI had suggested on day one. It immediately pointed to a completely unrelated library, apsw. It’s a humbling reminder that sometimes the most frustrating bugs aren’t solved by deduction, but by using the right diagnostic tool from the start.

By Mike Levin

Wednesday, October 8, 2025

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Setting the Stage: Context for the Curious Book Reader

This is a raw, unfiltered look into the debugging trenches. What you’re about to read is the real-time log of a developer and an AI collaborator going in circles for days, trying to solve a catastrophic ‘Segmentation fault: 11’ on a Mac. It’s a story of chasing red herrings, wrestling with dependency hell, and mounting frustration. More importantly, it’s a story about the pivotal moment when the right tool—in this case, Python’s faulthandler module—instantly illuminates a problem that hours of logical deduction could not. This entry stands as a powerful testament to the fact that for some bugs, the most important question isn’t ‘what’s wrong?’ but ‘how can I make the crash tell me what’s wrong?’

Technical Journal Entry Begins

Okay, I just had to cut that last article. The Mac Segmentation Fault error popping up is a real punch to the stomach, but I should have seen it. Any attempt to un-pin the requirements as set by the pinned diff’s here:

Known good requirements.txt pins

…results in something along these lines:

Building wheels for collected packages: pipulate
  Building editable for pipulate (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Created wheel for pipulate: filename=pipulate-1.3.9-0.editable-py3-none-any.whl size=36639 sha256=f9f0efc5013d6177763f36c3cd20e420f8e1a4b9964769ab10e355d6a637f1dd
  Stored in directory: /private/tmp/nix-shell.eTCFHW/pip-ephem-wheel-cache-lpsjwla4/wheels/8e/ef/b8/ddd6edf2abff37e075a0adaff27ed4405fafd040078cebda28
Successfully built pipulate
Installing collected packages: pipulate
Successfully installed pipulate-1.3.9
✅ Fresh Python environment build complete! 286 packages installed.
- numpy is importable (good to go!)

Starting JupyterLab and Botifython server automatically...
Both will open in your browser...

To view server logs: tmux attach -t server
To view JupyterLab logs: tmux attach -t jupyter
To stop all services: pkill tmux
To restart all services: run-all
To start only server: run-server
To start only JupyterLab: run-jupyter
INFO: Creating a local 'Hello World' example notebook...
      Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/hello_world.ipynb'.
INFO: Creating a local 'Faquillizer' master template notebook...
      Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/workflow.ipynb'.
INFO: Creating a local 'secretsauce.py' helper file...
      Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/secretsauce.py'.
Starting JupyterLab...
Waiting for JupyterLab to start (checking http://localhost:8888)...
.....................✅ JupyterLab is ready at http://localhost:8888!
Starting Botifython server in the foreground...
Press Ctrl+C to stop the server.
Pulling latest code updates...
Already up to date.
Waiting for Botifython server to start (checking http://localhost:5001)...
✅ Data directory ensured at top of script.
.🎤 Voice synthesis not available: No module named 'piper'
🎤 Voice synthesis not available: No module named 'piper'
/nix/store/a4dz18dcrn6w0ka8lhhrrmjzb544slfz-run-script/bin/run-script: line 290: 33914 Segmentation fault: 11     python server.py
(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ .............................

## The Real Culprit Unmasked by the Traceback
⚠️  Server didn't start within 30 seconds, but continuing...
(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$

The Mysterious Mac Segmentation Fault

This is a compiled Mac dependency under the pip install system that’s having a bad interaction with something else. It’s not merely a question of including something in requirements.txt or not. Nor is it the obvious pin it on tts-piper which I can see might actually be left out now, but that’s the thing that all the clues also point to being where there’s a problem, but the voice synthesis works just fine on the Mac when using the giant pinned list of dependencies.

Okay, so Gemini explained to me now the difference between a requirements.in and a reqirements.txt file. This is more Python packaging arcana. I will power through this too. Gemini also laid this little gem on me:

The modern way to declare build-time dependencies for a Python project is in a pyproject.toml file.

…so I’m going to have to look into that too. There is this list in there:

dependencies = [
    "python-fasthtml>=0.6.9",
    "python-multipart>=0.0.6",
    "selenium>=4.11.2",
    "aiohttp>=3.8.0",
    "nest-asyncio>=1.5.6",
    "rich>=13.0.0",
    "python-dotenv>=1.0.0",
    "psutil>=5.9.0",
    "loguru>=0.7.2",
    "pyfiglet>=1.0.0"
]

But that’s not anywhere near inclusive. And I do know of one dependency that absolutely needs to be pinned for Selenium Wire, but I’m not exactly sure to which version:

blinker==1.6.2
blinker==1.7.0

And then finally, there’s a sort of build process that gives me hope of clearing everything up once and for all. It pre-resolves all the versions and outputs them to a pinned requirements.txt file:

pip install pip-tools && pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade

Now the thing that gives me such hope here is that I can actually run this on the Mac which is giving me all this Segmentation fault: 11 nonsense and hopefully because I’m running it on the Mac it will be able to pinpoint the problem that only occurs on the Mac better.

And I can move my development system over from NixOS to Mac super-duper easy because the runtime environment is the developer environment!

And here is that attempt:

Last login: Wed Oct  8 13:04:43 on ttys000
michaellevin@MichaelMacBook-Pro ~ % rm -rf ~/Botifython
curl -L https://pipulate.com/install.sh | sh -s Botifython
cd ~/Botifython
nix develop
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  9589  100  9589    0     0   157k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  158k

--------------------------------------------------------------
   🚀 Welcome to Pipulate Installer 🚀   
   Free and Open Source SEO Software     
--------------------------------------------------------------

🔍 Checking prerequisites...
✅ All required tools found.

📁 Checking target directory: /Users/michaellevin/Botifython
✅ Target directory is available.
📁 Creating directory '/Users/michaellevin/Botifython'
📥 Downloading Pipulate source code...
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
100 2443k    0 2443k    0     0  4562k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 18.0M
✅ Download complete.

📦 Extracting source code...
✅ Extraction complete. Source code installed to '/Users/michaellevin/Botifython'.

📍 Now in directory: /Users/michaellevin/Botifython

🔑 Setting up deployment key...
Fetching deployment key from https://pipulate.com/key.rot...
✅ Deployment key downloaded successfully.
🔒 Deployment key file saved and secured.

🚀 Starting Pipulate environment...
--------------------------------------------------------------
  All set! Pipulate is installed at: /Users/michaellevin/Botifython  
  To use Pipulate in the future, simply run:  
  cd /Users/michaellevin/Botifython && nix develop  
--------------------------------------------------------------

Setting up app identity as 'Botifython'...
✅ Application identity set.

Creating startup convenience script...
Pipulate Installer v1.0.2 - Test checkpoint reached
Setup complete! To start using Pipulate, run:
  cd /Users/michaellevin/Botifython
  nix develop

This will activate the Nix development environment and
complete the 'magic cookie' transformation process.
warning: creating lock file '"/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/flake.lock"': 
• Added input 'flake-utils':
    'github:numtide/flake-utils/11707dc2f618dd54ca8739b309ec4fc024de578b?narHash=sha256-l0KFg5HjrsfsO/JpG%2Br7fRrqm12kzFHyUHqHCVpMMbI%3D' (2024-11-13)
• Added input 'flake-utils/systems':
    'github:nix-systems/default/da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e?narHash=sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768%3D' (2023-04-09)
• Added input 'nixpkgs':
    'github:NixOS/nixpkgs/c9b6fb798541223bbb396d287d16f43520250518?narHash=sha256-vgPm2xjOmKdZ0xKA6yLXPJpjOtQPHfaZDRtH%2B47XEBo%3D' (2025-10-07)
🔄 Transforming installation into git repository...
Creating temporary clone in /tmp/nix-shell.eTCFHW/tmp.3D2wpSyHew...
Cloning into '/tmp/nix-shell.eTCFHW/tmp.3D2wpSyHew'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 221, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (221/221), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (187/187), done.
remote: Total 221 (delta 26), reused 129 (delta 23), pack-reused 0 (from 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (221/221), 2.23 MiB | 14.76 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (26/26), done.
Preserving app identity and credentials...
Creating backup of current directory in /tmp/nix-shell.eTCFHW/tmp.ytjINdpr8Q...
Moving git repository into place...
✅ Successfully transformed into git repository!
Original files backed up to: /tmp/nix-shell.eTCFHW/tmp.ytjINdpr8Q
Checking for updates...
Resolving any existing conflicts...
HEAD is now at 1bde1e4 Added pyfiglet dependency back in
Temporarily stashing local JupyterLab settings...
From https://github.com/miklevin/pipulate
 * branch            main       -> FETCH_HEAD
Already up to date.
Restoring local JupyterLab settings...
INFO: EFFECTIVE_OS set to: darwin
Updating remote URL to use SSH...
Entering standard environment with auto-updates...
 ____        _   _  __       _   _                 
| __ )  ___ | |_(_)/ _|_   _| |_| |__   ___  _ __  
|  _ \ / _ \| __| | |_| | | | __| '_ \ / _ \| '_ \ 
| |_) | (_) | |_| |  _| |_| | |_| | | | (_) | | | |
|____/ \___/ \__|_|_|  \__, |\__|_| |_|\___/|_| |_|
                       |___/                       
Version: 1.3.9 (Using a requirements.in file)
✓ In Nix shell v1.3.9 (Using a requirements.in file) - you can run python server.py
Welcome to the Botifython development environment on aarch64-darwin!

✓ JupyterLab configured for project-local settings.
🔧 Fresh Python environment detected - installing packages (this may take 2-3 minutes)...
   This is normal on a fresh install or after using '🐍 Reset Python Environment' button.
🔧 Pip verbose mode enabled.
Requirement already satisfied: pip in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (25.0.1)
Collecting pip
  Using cached pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.7 kB)
Using cached pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl (1.8 MB)
Installing collected packages: pip
  Attempting uninstall: pip
    Found existing installation: pip 25.0.1
    Uninstalling pip-25.0.1:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-25.0.1
Successfully installed pip-25.2
[Lots of stuff deleted]
✅ Fresh Python environment build complete! 286 packages installed.
- numpy is importable (good to go!)

Starting JupyterLab and Botifython server automatically...
Both will open in your browser...

To view server logs: tmux attach -t server
To view JupyterLab logs: tmux attach -t jupyter
To stop all services: pkill tmux
To restart all services: run-all
To start only server: run-server
To start only JupyterLab: run-jupyter
INFO: Creating a local 'Hello World' example notebook...
      Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/hello_world.ipynb'.
INFO: Creating a local 'Faquillizer' master template notebook...
      Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/workflow.ipynb'.
INFO: Creating a local 'secretsauce.py' helper file...
      Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/secretsauce.py'.
Starting JupyterLab...
Waiting for JupyterLab to start (checking http://localhost:8888)...
.....................✅ JupyterLab is ready at http://localhost:8888!
Starting Botifython server in the foreground...
Press Ctrl+C to stop the server.
Pulling latest code updates...
Already up to date.
Waiting for Botifython server to start (checking http://localhost:5001)...
✅ Data directory ensured at top of script.
.🎤 Voice synthesis not available: No module named 'piper'
🎤 Voice synthesis not available: No module named 'piper'
/nix/store/a4dz18dcrn6w0ka8lhhrrmjzb544slfz-run-script/bin/run-script: line 290: 33914 Segmentation fault: 11     python server.py
(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ .............................
⚠️  Server didn't start within 30 seconds, but continuing...
(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ git pull
Already up to date.
(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ pip install pip-tools
Collecting pip-tools
  Downloading pip_tools-7.5.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (26 kB)
Collecting build>=1.0.0 (from pip-tools)
  Using cached build-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.6 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: click>=8 in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from pip-tools) (8.1.8)
Requirement already satisfied: pip>=22.2 in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from pip-tools) (25.2)
Collecting pyproject_hooks (from pip-tools)
  Using cached pyproject_hooks-1.2.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (1.3 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from pip-tools) (80.9.0)
Collecting wheel (from pip-tools)
  Downloading wheel-0.45.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.3 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=19.1 in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from build>=1.0.0->pip-tools) (25.0)
Downloading pip_tools-7.5.1-py3-none-any.whl (65 kB)
Using cached build-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (23 kB)
Using cached pyproject_hooks-1.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)
Downloading wheel-0.45.1-py3-none-any.whl (72 kB)
Installing collected packages: wheel, pyproject_hooks, build, pip-tools
Successfully installed build-1.3.0 pip-tools-7.5.1 pyproject_hooks-1.2.0 wheel-0.45.1
(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ pip compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt upgrade
ERROR: unknown command "compile" - maybe you meant "completion"
(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt upgrade
Usage: pip-compile [OPTIONS] [SRC_FILES]...
Try 'pip-compile -h' for help.

Error: Invalid value for '[SRC_FILES]...': Path 'upgrade' does not exist.
(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade
WARNING: --strip-extras is becoming the default in version 8.0.0. To silence this warning, either use --strip-extras to opt into the new default or use --no-strip-extras to retain the existing behavior.
#
# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.12
# by the following command:
#
#    pip-compile --output-file=requirements.txt requirements.in
#
[Lots of stuff deleted]

And here’s the diff:

(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ git diff
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 6e00444..0854d7d 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ anyio==4.11.0
     #   openai
     #   starlette
     #   watchfiles
+appnope==0.1.4
+    # via ipykernel
 apsw==3.50.4.0
     # via apswutils
 apswutils==0.1.0
@@ -252,8 +254,6 @@ googleapis-common-protos[grpc]==1.70.0
     #   grpcio-status
 gpt4all==2.8.2
     # via jupyter-ai-magics
-greenlet==3.2.4
-    # via sqlalchemy
 grpc-google-iam-v1==0.14.2
     # via google-cloud-resource-manager
 grpcio==1.75.1
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ pillow==11.3.0
     #   jupyter-ai-magics
     #   matplotlib
     #   together
-platformdirs==4.4.0
+platformdirs==4.5.0
     # via
     #   jupyter-core
     #   pylint
(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ exit
exit

Saving session...
...copying shared history...
...saving history...truncating history files...
...completed.
michaellevin@MichaelMacBook-Pro Botifython % nix develop .#quiet
warning: creating lock file '"/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/flake.lock"': 
• Added input 'flake-utils':
    'github:numtide/flake-utils/11707dc2f618dd54ca8739b309ec4fc024de578b?narHash=sha256-l0KFg5HjrsfsO/JpG%2Br7fRrqm12kzFHyUHqHCVpMMbI%3D' (2024-11-13)
• Added input 'flake-utils/systems':
    'github:nix-systems/default/da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e?narHash=sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768%3D' (2023-04-09)
• Added input 'nixpkgs':
    'github:NixOS/nixpkgs/c9b6fb798541223bbb396d287d16f43520250518?narHash=sha256-vgPm2xjOmKdZ0xKA6yLXPJpjOtQPHfaZDRtH%2B47XEBo%3D' (2025-10-07)
Restored session: Wed Oct  8 13:51:13 EDT 2025
(nix:nix-shell-env) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ python server.py
✅ Data directory ensured at top of script.
🎤 Voice synthesis not available: No module named 'piper'
🎤 Voice synthesis not available: No module named 'piper'
Segmentation fault: 11     python server.py
(nix:nix-shell-env) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ vim requirements.in 
(nix:nix-shell-env) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ pip install piper-tts
Collecting piper-tts
  Using cached piper_tts-1.3.0-cp39-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl.metadata (4.4 kB)
Collecting onnxruntime<2,>=1 (from piper-tts)
  Downloading onnxruntime-1.23.1-cp312-cp312-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl.metadata (5.0 kB)
Collecting coloredlogs (from onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts)
  Using cached coloredlogs-15.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (12 kB)
Collecting flatbuffers (from onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts)
  Using cached flatbuffers-25.9.23-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (875 bytes)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.21.6 in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts) (2.3.3)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts) (25.0)
Requirement already satisfied: protobuf in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts) (5.29.5)
Collecting sympy (from onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts)
  Using cached sympy-1.14.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (12 kB)
Collecting humanfriendly>=9.1 (from coloredlogs->onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts)
  Using cached humanfriendly-10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (9.2 kB)
Collecting mpmath<1.4,>=1.1.0 (from sympy->onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts)
  Using cached mpmath-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (8.6 kB)
Using cached piper_tts-1.3.0-cp39-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl (13.8 MB)
Downloading onnxruntime-1.23.1-cp312-cp312-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl (17.2 MB)
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 17.2/17.2 MB 33.4 MB/s  0:00:00
Using cached coloredlogs-15.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (46 kB)
Using cached humanfriendly-10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (86 kB)
Using cached flatbuffers-25.9.23-py2.py3-none-any.whl (30 kB)
Using cached sympy-1.14.0-py3-none-any.whl (6.3 MB)
Using cached mpmath-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (536 kB)
Installing collected packages: mpmath, flatbuffers, sympy, humanfriendly, coloredlogs, onnxruntime, piper-tts
Successfully installed coloredlogs-15.0.1 flatbuffers-25.9.23 humanfriendly-10.0 mpmath-1.3.0 onnxruntime-1.23.1 piper-tts-1.3.0 sympy-1.14.0
(nix:nix-shell-env) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ python server.py
✅ Data directory ensured at top of script.
/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/huggingface_hub/file_download.py:982: UserWarning: `local_dir_use_symlinks` parameter is deprecated and will be ignored. The process to download files to a local folder has been updated and do not rely on symlinks anymore. You only need to pass a destination folder as`local_dir`.
For more details, check out https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/main/en/guides/download#download-files-to-local-folder.
  warnings.warn(
en/en_US/amy/low/en_US-amy-low.onnx: 100%|███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 63.1M/63.1M [00:01<00:00, 53.5MB/s]
en_US-amy-low.onnx.json: 4.16kB [00:00, 16.8MB/s]
Segmentation fault: 11     python server.py
(nix:nix-shell-env) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ /nix/store/d5bvj78dzx6wjnz13vawcjb3pa5hpdkv-python3-3.12.11/lib/python3.12/multiprocessing/resource_tracker.py:279: UserWarning: resource_tracker: There appear to be 1 leaked semaphore objects to clean up at shutdown
  warnings.warn('resource_tracker: There appear to be %d '

Gemini: Of course. The Segmentation fault: 11 you’re hitting is a classic C-level crash, and your diagnosis is spot on: it’s a bad interaction with a compiled dependency on your Mac. The logs point directly to the culprit.

The issue is almost certainly with onnxruntime, a core, compiled dependency of piper-tts. When you run pip-compile --upgrade, it’s grabbing the latest version of onnxruntime, which has a binary incompatibility with your specific macOS/Nix environment setup, leading to the segmentation fault when piper-tts tries to load its model.

The fact that the error occurs after the voice model downloads is the smoking gun. The very next step is for piper-tts to load that .onnx model file into memory using the onnxruntime library, and that’s when it crashes.

🎯 The Fix: Pin the Problematic Package

Your strategy of using pip-compile is correct, but you need to give it a hint. You must constrain the version of piper-tts and/or onnxruntime in your requirements.in file to prevent it from being upgraded to the problematic version.

Step 1: Identify the Working Version

First, check your old, working requirements.txt file (the one from the GitHub link) to see which versions of piper-tts and onnxruntime it was using. Let’s assume for this example it was piper-tts==1.2.0 and onnxruntime==1.15.1.

Step 2: Modify `requirements.in`

Edit your requirements.in file to explicitly add the known-good version of piper-tts. This tells pip-compile to use this specific version and resolve other dependencies around it.

# requirements.in

# ... your other high-level dependencies ...
beautifulsoup4
google-generativeai
ipywidgets
isort
itables
jupyter-ai[all]
jupyterlab
langchain
langchain-community
langchain-google-genai
langchain-openai
loguru
lxml
matplotlib
nbstripout
numpy
openpyxl
pandas
pyfiglet
pylint
python-dotenv
python-fasthtml
requests
scikit-learn
selenium
undetected-chromedriver
vulture
watchdog
webdriver-manager
yapf

# Pin the package causing the segfault
piper-tts==1.2.0 # Or whatever version was in your working file

Adding just piper-tts is often enough, as pip-compile will then select the version of onnxruntime that piper-tts==1.2.0 specifies.

Step 3: Re-compile and Re-install

Correct the pip-compile command. You had a small syntax error in your attempt. The upgrade flag is --upgrade, not a positional argument.
Run the command:
```
pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade
```
This will regenerate requirements.txt, upgrading everything except for piper-tts and its direct dependencies, which are now constrained.
Perform a clean install. It’s best to remove the old virtual environment to ensure no old packages are lingering.
```
rm -rf .venv
nix develop
```
Your startup script should automatically detect the missing .venv and reinstall everything from your new, correct requirements.txt.

Chasing Red Herrings with `pip-compile`

This should resolve the segmentation fault by forcing pip to install the older, stable binary of onnxruntime that is compatible with your Mac.

🚀 A Better Way: Using `pyproject.toml`

You’re right to look at pyproject.toml. It’s the modern, standardized way to manage dependencies. pip-tools can read directly from it, which cleans up your project root by removing the need for requirements.in.

You can move your high-level dependencies from requirements.in into pyproject.toml like this:

# pyproject.toml

[project]
name = "pipulate"
version = "1.3.9"
# ... other metadata ...
dependencies = [
    "python-fasthtml>=0.12.29",
    "beautifulsoup4",
    "google-generativeai",
    "ipywidgets",
    # ... etc ...
    "piper-tts==1.2.0", # Pin the problem package here
]

# ... rest of the file ...

Then, you can compile your requirements.txt directly from this file:

pip-compile pyproject.toml -o requirements.txt --upgrade

This is a cleaner, more standard workflow for managing your project’s dependencies.

Me: This is the last known pinned working versions:

Known good requirements.txt pins

Gemini: Excellent, this is exactly what we need. The list confirms the last known good combination.

The key versions are:

piper-tts==1.3.0
onnxruntime==1.22.1

This confirms our theory. When you ran pip-compile --upgrade, it likely grabbed a newer version of onnxruntime (like 1.23.1 from your log) which is causing the segmentation fault. The solution remains the same, but now we can use these precise versions.

🛠️ Plan of Action

Modify requirements.in

Update your requirements.in file to pin piper-tts to its last working version. This is the cleanest approach, as pip-compile should then select the correct version of onnxruntime that piper-tts==1.3.0 depends on.
```
# requirements.in

# ... your other dependencies ...
webdriver-manager
yapf

# Pin the package causing the segfault to its last known good version
piper-tts==1.3.0
```
Re-compile requirements.txt

Now, run the pip-compile command again. It will respect your new pin.
```
pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade
```
Verify the Output

After the command finishes, open the newly generated requirements.txt and search for onnxruntime. You should see it locked to the correct version:
```
# In requirements.txt
...
onnxruntime==1.22.1
  # via piper-tts
...
piper-tts==1.3.0
  # via -r requirements.in
...
```
If it’s pinned to 1.22.1, you are good to go.
Perform a Clean Re-install

Finally, remove the broken environment and let your script rebuild it from the corrected requirements.txt.
```
# Make sure you are outside the nix shell first
exit 

# Now, from the project directory
rm -rf .venv
nix develop
```

Your nix develop command will now install the packages using the corrected lock file, which should resolve the Segmentation fault: 11 for good.

Me: I made a few changes such as adding in some missed selenium packages. I think when the AI helped me make a trimmed down requirements.in file it missed some stuff and I’ll be adding it back in. I also deliberately pinned onnxruntime as a precaution. How does this look?

[mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$ git --no-pager diff
diff --git a/requirements.in b/requirements.in
index 743ea2cf..7d89882c 100644
--- a/requirements.in
+++ b/requirements.in
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 # Top-level dependencies for Pipulate
 # This file is used by pip-compile to generate requirements.txt
 
+# The pinned problems
+piper-tts==1.3.0
+blinker==1.6.2
+
 # Core AI and LangChain
 google-generativeai
 langchain
@@ -29,6 +33,8 @@ uvicorn
 
 # Automation
 selenium
+selenium-wire
+selenium-stealth
 undetected-chromedriver
 webdriver-manager
 
@@ -49,3 +55,4 @@ loguru
 rich
 watchdog
 pyfiglet
+
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 6e004445..1aed0cda 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -67,6 +67,10 @@ beautifulsoup4==4.14.2
     #   python-fasthtml
 bleach[css]==6.2.0
     # via nbconvert
+blinker==1.6.2
+    # via
+    #   -r requirements.in
+    #   selenium-wire
 boto3==1.40.47
     # via
     #   jupyter-ai-magics
@@ -77,6 +81,8 @@ botocore==1.40.47
     #   s3transfer
 bottleneck==1.6.0
     # via langchain-google-vertexai
+brotli==1.1.0
+    # via selenium-wire
 cachetools==6.2.0
     # via
     #   google-auth
@@ -87,8 +93,11 @@ certifi==2025.10.5
     #   httpx
     #   requests
     #   selenium
+    #   selenium-wire
 cffi==2.0.0
-    # via argon2-cffi-bindings
+    # via
+    #   argon2-cffi-bindings
+    #   cryptography
 charset-normalizer==3.4.3
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
@@ -107,12 +116,16 @@ cohere==5.15.0
     # via
     #   jupyter-ai-magics
     #   langchain-cohere
+coloredlogs==15.0.1
+    # via onnxruntime
 comm==0.2.3
     # via
     #   ipykernel
     #   ipywidgets
 contourpy==1.3.3
     # via matplotlib
+cryptography==46.0.2
+    # via pyopenssl
 cycler==0.12.1
     # via matplotlib
 dask[distributed]==2025.9.1
@@ -166,7 +179,7 @@ fastlite==0.2.1
     # via python-fasthtml
 feedparser==6.0.12
     # via arxiv
-filelock==3.19.1
+filelock==3.20.0
     # via
     #   huggingface-hub
     #   together
@@ -174,6 +187,8 @@ filetype==1.2.0
     # via
     #   langchain-google-genai
     #   langchain-nvidia-ai-endpoints
+flatbuffers==25.9.23
+    # via onnxruntime
 fonttools==4.60.1
     # via matplotlib
 fqdn==1.5.1
@@ -217,7 +232,7 @@ google-auth==2.41.1
     #   google-generativeai
 google-auth-httplib2==0.2.0
     # via google-api-python-client
-google-cloud-aiplatform==1.119.0
+google-cloud-aiplatform==1.120.0
     # via langchain-google-vertexai
 google-cloud-bigquery==3.38.0
     # via google-cloud-aiplatform
@@ -269,8 +284,12 @@ h11==0.16.0
     #   httpcore
     #   uvicorn
     #   wsproto
+h2==4.3.0
+    # via selenium-wire
 hf-xet==1.1.10
     # via huggingface-hub
+hpack==4.1.0
+    # via h2
 httpcore==1.0.9
     # via httpx
 httplib2==0.31.0
@@ -302,6 +321,12 @@ huggingface-hub==0.35.3
     # via
     #   jupyter-ai-magics
     #   tokenizers
+humanfriendly==10.0
+    # via coloredlogs
+hyperframe==6.1.0
+    # via
+    #   h2
+    #   selenium-wire
 idna==3.10
     # via
     #   anyio
@@ -415,6 +440,8 @@ jupyterlab-widgets==3.0.15
     # via ipywidgets
 jupytext==1.17.3
     # via -r requirements.in
+kaitaistruct==0.11
+    # via selenium-wire
 kiwisolver==1.4.9
     # via matplotlib
 langchain==0.3.27
@@ -505,6 +532,8 @@ mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
 mistune==3.1.4
     # via nbconvert
+mpmath==1.3.0
+    # via sympy
 msgpack==1.1.2
     # via distributed
 multidict==6.7.0
@@ -545,6 +574,7 @@ numpy==2.3.3
     #   langchain-community
     #   matplotlib
     #   numexpr
+    #   onnxruntime
     #   pandas
     #   scikit-learn
     #   scipy
@@ -554,6 +584,8 @@ oauthlib==3.3.1
     # via python-fasthtml
 ollama==0.6.0
     # via langchain-ollama
+onnxruntime==1.23.1
+    # via piper-tts
 openai==2.2.0
     # via langchain-openai
 openpyxl==3.1.5
@@ -584,6 +616,7 @@ packaging==25.0
     #   marshmallow
     #   matplotlib
     #   nbconvert
+    #   onnxruntime
     #   webdriver-manager
 pandas==2.3.3
     # via
@@ -602,7 +635,9 @@ pillow==11.3.0
     #   jupyter-ai-magics
     #   matplotlib
     #   together
-platformdirs==4.4.0
+piper-tts==1.3.0
+    # via -r requirements.in
+platformdirs==4.5.0
     # via
     #   jupyter-core
     #   pylint
@@ -635,6 +670,7 @@ protobuf==5.29.5
     #   googleapis-common-protos
     #   grpc-google-iam-v1
     #   grpcio-status
+    #   onnxruntime
     #   proto-plus
 psutil==7.1.0
     # via
@@ -652,6 +688,7 @@ pyasn1==0.6.1
     # via
     #   pyasn1-modules
     #   rsa
+    #   selenium-wire
 pyasn1-modules==0.4.2
     # via google-auth
 pycparser==2.23
@@ -698,14 +735,19 @@ pygments==2.19.2
     #   rich
 pylint==3.3.9
     # via -r requirements.in
+pyopenssl==25.3.0
+    # via selenium-wire
 pyparsing==3.2.5
     # via
     #   httplib2
     #   matplotlib
+    #   selenium-wire
 pypdf==6.1.1
     # via jupyter-ai
 pysocks==1.7.1
-    # via urllib3
+    # via
+    #   selenium-wire
+    #   urllib3
 python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
     # via
     #   arrow
@@ -810,7 +852,13 @@ scipy==1.16.2
 selenium==4.36.0
     # via
     #   -r requirements.in
+    #   selenium-stealth
+    #   selenium-wire
     #   undetected-chromedriver
+selenium-stealth==1.0.6
+    # via -r requirements.in
+selenium-wire==5.1.0
+    # via -r requirements.in
 send2trash==1.8.3
     # via jupyter-server
 sgmllib3k==1.0.0
@@ -844,6 +892,8 @@ stack-data==0.6.3
     # via ipython
 starlette==0.48.0
     # via python-fasthtml
+sympy==1.14.0
+    # via onnxruntime
 tabulate==0.9.0
     # via together
 tblib==3.1.0
@@ -941,6 +991,7 @@ typing-extensions==4.15.0
     #   openai
     #   pydantic
     #   pydantic-core
+    #   pyopenssl
     #   referencing
     #   selenium
     #   sqlalchemy
@@ -1005,7 +1056,9 @@ websockets==15.0.1
 widgetsnbextension==4.0.14
     # via ipywidgets
 wsproto==1.2.0
-    # via trio-websocket
+    # via
+    #   selenium-wire
+    #   trio-websocket
 yapf==0.43.0
     # via -r requirements.in
 yarl==1.22.0
@@ -1015,7 +1068,9 @@ zict==3.0.0
 zipp==3.23.0
     # via importlib-metadata
 zstandard==0.25.0
-    # via langsmith
+    # via
+    #   langsmith
+    #   selenium-wire
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
 # setuptools

[mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$

Gemini: This looks like a great step forward, but there’s one critical adjustment needed to prevent the segmentation fault.

Your changes to requirements.in are logical, but they don’t force pip-compile to use the older, working version of onnxruntime.

✅ The Good Moves

Adding selenium-wire and selenium-stealth: This is the correct way to manage your top-level dependencies. If you use them directly in your project, they should be in requirements.in.
Pinning blinker==1.6.2: Excellent foresight. selenium-wire is known to have issues with newer versions of blinker, so pinning it is a very smart move to ensure stability.
Pinning piper-tts==1.3.0: This correctly locks the text-to-speech library to the version that worked.

🚨 The Critical Fix

The problem is that even though you pinned piper-tts, its package metadata doesn’t require a specific version of onnxruntime. It just says it needs a version. So, when you ran pip-compile --upgrade, it did its job and fetched the latest available onnxruntime, which is 1.23.1.

Your diff shows this:

+onnxruntime==1.23.1
+   # via piper-tts

This is the version we suspect is causing the segmentation fault on your Mac. The last known working version was 1.22.1.

You need to explicitly pin onnxruntime in requirements.in as well.

Your requirements.in should look like this:

# requirements.in

# The pinned problems
piper-tts==1.3.0
onnxruntime==1.22.1  # <-- Add this line
blinker==1.6.2

# Core AI and LangChain
# ... rest of the file ...

After adding that line, run the compile command one more time:

pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade

This will force pip-compile to use the exact version of onnxruntime that you know works on the Mac. Once you commit these changes, your Mac installation should be stable.

Me: Okay here’s my new git diff:

[mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$ git --no-pager diff
diff --git a/requirements.in b/requirements.in
index 743ea2cf..1dbe5bad 100644
--- a/requirements.in
+++ b/requirements.in
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 # Top-level dependencies for Pipulate
 # This file is used by pip-compile to generate requirements.txt
 
+# The pinned problems
+piper-tts==1.3.0
+onnxruntime==1.22.1
+blinker==1.6.2
+
 # Core AI and LangChain
 google-generativeai
 langchain
@@ -29,6 +34,8 @@ uvicorn
 
 # Automation
 selenium
+selenium-wire
+selenium-stealth
 undetected-chromedriver
 webdriver-manager
 
@@ -49,3 +56,4 @@ loguru
 rich
 watchdog
 pyfiglet
+
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 6e004445..e99e72e9 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -67,6 +67,10 @@ beautifulsoup4==4.14.2
     #   python-fasthtml
 bleach[css]==6.2.0
     # via nbconvert
+blinker==1.6.2
+    # via
+    #   -r requirements.in
+    #   selenium-wire
 boto3==1.40.47
     # via
     #   jupyter-ai-magics
@@ -77,6 +81,8 @@ botocore==1.40.47
     #   s3transfer
 bottleneck==1.6.0
     # via langchain-google-vertexai
+brotli==1.1.0
+    # via selenium-wire
 cachetools==6.2.0
     # via
     #   google-auth
@@ -87,8 +93,11 @@ certifi==2025.10.5
     #   httpx
     #   requests
     #   selenium
+    #   selenium-wire
 cffi==2.0.0
-    # via argon2-cffi-bindings
+    # via
+    #   argon2-cffi-bindings
+    #   cryptography
 charset-normalizer==3.4.3
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
@@ -107,12 +116,16 @@ cohere==5.15.0
     # via
     #   jupyter-ai-magics
     #   langchain-cohere
+coloredlogs==15.0.1
+    # via onnxruntime
 comm==0.2.3
     # via
     #   ipykernel
     #   ipywidgets
 contourpy==1.3.3
     # via matplotlib
+cryptography==46.0.2
+    # via pyopenssl
 cycler==0.12.1
     # via matplotlib
 dask[distributed]==2025.9.1
@@ -166,7 +179,7 @@ fastlite==0.2.1
     # via python-fasthtml
 feedparser==6.0.12
     # via arxiv
-filelock==3.19.1
+filelock==3.20.0
     # via
     #   huggingface-hub
     #   together
@@ -174,6 +187,8 @@ filetype==1.2.0
     # via
     #   langchain-google-genai
     #   langchain-nvidia-ai-endpoints
+flatbuffers==25.9.23
+    # via onnxruntime
 fonttools==4.60.1
     # via matplotlib
 fqdn==1.5.1
@@ -217,7 +232,7 @@ google-auth==2.41.1
     #   google-generativeai
 google-auth-httplib2==0.2.0
     # via google-api-python-client
-google-cloud-aiplatform==1.119.0
+google-cloud-aiplatform==1.120.0
     # via langchain-google-vertexai
 google-cloud-bigquery==3.38.0
     # via google-cloud-aiplatform
@@ -269,8 +284,12 @@ h11==0.16.0
     #   httpcore
     #   uvicorn
     #   wsproto
+h2==4.3.0
+    # via selenium-wire
 hf-xet==1.1.10
     # via huggingface-hub
+hpack==4.1.0
+    # via h2
 httpcore==1.0.9
     # via httpx
 httplib2==0.31.0
@@ -302,6 +321,12 @@ huggingface-hub==0.35.3
     # via
     #   jupyter-ai-magics
     #   tokenizers
+humanfriendly==10.0
+    # via coloredlogs
+hyperframe==6.1.0
+    # via
+    #   h2
+    #   selenium-wire
 idna==3.10
     # via
     #   anyio
@@ -415,6 +440,8 @@ jupyterlab-widgets==3.0.15
     # via ipywidgets
 jupytext==1.17.3
     # via -r requirements.in
+kaitaistruct==0.11
+    # via selenium-wire
 kiwisolver==1.4.9
     # via matplotlib
 langchain==0.3.27
@@ -505,6 +532,8 @@ mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
 mistune==3.1.4
     # via nbconvert
+mpmath==1.3.0
+    # via sympy
 msgpack==1.1.2
     # via distributed
 multidict==6.7.0
@@ -545,6 +574,7 @@ numpy==2.3.3
     #   langchain-community
     #   matplotlib
     #   numexpr
+    #   onnxruntime
     #   pandas
     #   scikit-learn
     #   scipy
@@ -554,6 +584,10 @@ oauthlib==3.3.1
     # via python-fasthtml
 ollama==0.6.0
     # via langchain-ollama
+onnxruntime==1.22.1
+    # via
+    #   -r requirements.in
+    #   piper-tts
 openai==2.2.0
     # via langchain-openai
 openpyxl==3.1.5
@@ -584,6 +618,7 @@ packaging==25.0
     #   marshmallow
     #   matplotlib
     #   nbconvert
+    #   onnxruntime
     #   webdriver-manager
 pandas==2.3.3
     # via
@@ -602,7 +637,9 @@ pillow==11.3.0
     #   jupyter-ai-magics
     #   matplotlib
     #   together
-platformdirs==4.4.0
+piper-tts==1.3.0
+    # via -r requirements.in
+platformdirs==4.5.0
     # via
     #   jupyter-core
     #   pylint
@@ -635,6 +672,7 @@ protobuf==5.29.5
     #   googleapis-common-protos
     #   grpc-google-iam-v1
     #   grpcio-status
+    #   onnxruntime
     #   proto-plus
 psutil==7.1.0
     # via
@@ -652,6 +690,7 @@ pyasn1==0.6.1
     # via
     #   pyasn1-modules
     #   rsa
+    #   selenium-wire
 pyasn1-modules==0.4.2
     # via google-auth
 pycparser==2.23
@@ -698,14 +737,19 @@ pygments==2.19.2
     #   rich
 pylint==3.3.9
     # via -r requirements.in
+pyopenssl==25.3.0
+    # via selenium-wire
 pyparsing==3.2.5
     # via
     #   httplib2
     #   matplotlib
+    #   selenium-wire
 pypdf==6.1.1
     # via jupyter-ai
 pysocks==1.7.1
-    # via urllib3
+    # via
+    #   selenium-wire
+    #   urllib3
 python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
     # via
     #   arrow
@@ -810,7 +854,13 @@ scipy==1.16.2
 selenium==4.36.0
     # via
     #   -r requirements.in
+    #   selenium-stealth
+    #   selenium-wire
     #   undetected-chromedriver
+selenium-stealth==1.0.6
+    # via -r requirements.in
+selenium-wire==5.1.0
+    # via -r requirements.in
 send2trash==1.8.3
     # via jupyter-server
 sgmllib3k==1.0.0
@@ -844,6 +894,8 @@ stack-data==0.6.3
     # via ipython
 starlette==0.48.0
     # via python-fasthtml
+sympy==1.14.0
+    # via onnxruntime
 tabulate==0.9.0
     # via together
 tblib==3.1.0
@@ -941,6 +993,7 @@ typing-extensions==4.15.0
     #   openai
     #   pydantic
     #   pydantic-core
+    #   pyopenssl
     #   referencing
     #   selenium
     #   sqlalchemy
@@ -1005,7 +1058,9 @@ websockets==15.0.1
 widgetsnbextension==4.0.14
     # via ipywidgets
 wsproto==1.2.0
-    # via trio-websocket
+    # via
+    #   selenium-wire
+    #   trio-websocket
 yapf==0.43.0
     # via -r requirements.in
 yarl==1.22.0
@@ -1015,7 +1070,9 @@ zict==3.0.0
 zipp==3.23.0
     # via importlib-metadata
 zstandard==0.25.0
-    # via langsmith
+    # via
+    #   langsmith
+    #   selenium-wire
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
 # setuptools

[mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$ 

Gemini: This is perfect. Your git diff shows you’ve correctly addressed all the issues.

✅ You Nailed It

This is exactly the right solution. Let’s break down why this diff is correct:

requirements.in is now the single source of truth for your high-level dependencies and critical version pins. This is clean and easy to maintain.
You explicitly pinned the troublemakers. By adding piper-tts==1.3.0 and onnxruntime==1.22.1, you’ve told pip-compile exactly which versions to use, preventing it from grabbing the newer, problematic onnxruntime binary.
The requirements.txt file is correctly generated. Your new lock file now shows onnxruntime==1.22.1 is being used because you explicitly required it in requirements.in. This is the key change that will fix the segmentation fault on your Mac.

You can confidently commit this. It should resolve the Mac-specific crashing while keeping your dependency management robust for other systems. Great job. 👍

Me: And no luck. Just like every time before.

Last login: Wed Oct  8 14:20:14 on ttys000
michaellevin@MichaelMacBook-Pro ~ % rm -rf ~/Botifython
curl -L https://pipulate.com/install.sh | sh -s Botifython
cd ~/Botifython
nix develop
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  9589  100  9589    0     0   199k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  203k

--------------------------------------------------------------
   🚀 Welcome to Pipulate Installer 🚀   
   Free and Open Source SEO Software     
--------------------------------------------------------------

🔍 Checking prerequisites...
✅ All required tools found.

📁 Checking target directory: /Users/michaellevin/Botifython
✅ Target directory is available.
📁 Creating directory '/Users/michaellevin/Botifython'
📥 Downloading Pipulate source code...
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
100 2443k    0 2443k    0     0  3468k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 9206k
✅ Download complete.

📦 Extracting source code...
✅ Extraction complete. Source code installed to '/Users/michaellevin/Botifython'.

📍 Now in directory: /Users/michaellevin/Botifython

🔑 Setting up deployment key...
Fetching deployment key from https://pipulate.com/key.rot...
✅ Deployment key downloaded successfully.
🔒 Deployment key file saved and secured.

🚀 Starting Pipulate environment...
--------------------------------------------------------------
  All set! Pipulate is installed at: /Users/michaellevin/Botifython  
  To use Pipulate in the future, simply run:  
  cd /Users/michaellevin/Botifython && nix develop  
--------------------------------------------------------------

Setting up app identity as 'Botifython'...
✅ Application identity set.

Creating startup convenience script...
Pipulate Installer v1.0.2 - Test checkpoint reached
Setup complete! To start using Pipulate, run:
  cd /Users/michaellevin/Botifython
  nix develop

This will activate the Nix development environment and
complete the 'magic cookie' transformation process.
warning: creating lock file '"/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/flake.lock"': 
• Added input 'flake-utils':
    'github:numtide/flake-utils/11707dc2f618dd54ca8739b309ec4fc024de578b?narHash=sha256-l0KFg5HjrsfsO/JpG%2Br7fRrqm12kzFHyUHqHCVpMMbI%3D' (2024-11-13)
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• Added input 'nixpkgs':
    'github:NixOS/nixpkgs/c9b6fb798541223bbb396d287d16f43520250518?narHash=sha256-vgPm2xjOmKdZ0xKA6yLXPJpjOtQPHfaZDRtH%2B47XEBo%3D' (2025-10-07)
🔄 Transforming installation into git repository...
Creating temporary clone in /tmp/nix-shell.wwSkrA/tmp.ftwoVqf0O8...
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remote: Total 221 (delta 26), reused 129 (delta 23), pack-reused 0 (from 0)
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Resolving any existing conflicts...
HEAD is now at 941035c Pinned onnxruntime to 1.22.1
Temporarily stashing local JupyterLab settings...
From https://github.com/miklevin/pipulate
 * branch            main       -> FETCH_HEAD
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Updating remote URL to use SSH...
Entering standard environment with auto-updates...
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Version: 1.3.9 (Using a requirements.in file)
✓ In Nix shell v1.3.9 (Using a requirements.in file) - you can run python server.py
Welcome to the Botifython development environment on aarch64-darwin!

✓ JupyterLab configured for project-local settings.
🔧 Fresh Python environment detected - installing packages (this may take 2-3 minutes)...
   This is normal on a fresh install or after using '🐍 Reset Python Environment' button.
🔧 Pip verbose mode enabled.
Requirement already satisfied: pip in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (25.0.1)
Collecting pip
  Using cached pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.7 kB)
Using cached pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl (1.8 MB)
Installing collected packages: pip
  Attempting uninstall: pip
    Found existing installation: pip 25.0.1
    Uninstalling pip-25.0.1:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-25.0.1
Successfully installed pip-25.2
[Lots of stuff deleted]
Successfully installed pipulate-1.3.9
✅ Fresh Python environment build complete! 303 packages installed.
- numpy is importable (good to go!)

Starting JupyterLab and Botifython server automatically...
Both will open in your browser...

To view server logs: tmux attach -t server
To view JupyterLab logs: tmux attach -t jupyter
To stop all services: pkill tmux
To restart all services: run-all
To start only server: run-server
To start only JupyterLab: run-jupyter
INFO: Creating a local 'Hello World' example notebook...
      Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/hello_world.ipynb'.
INFO: Creating a local 'Faquillizer' master template notebook...
      Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/workflow.ipynb'.
INFO: Creating a local 'secretsauce.py' helper file...
      Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/secretsauce.py'.
Starting JupyterLab...
Waiting for JupyterLab to start (checking http://localhost:8888)...
.....................✅ JupyterLab is ready at http://localhost:8888!
Starting Botifython server in the foreground...
Press Ctrl+C to stop the server.
Pulling latest code updates...
Already up to date.
Waiting for Botifython server to start (checking http://localhost:5001)...
✅ Data directory ensured at top of script.
../Users/michaellevin/Botifython/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/huggingface_hub/file_download.py:982: UserWarning: `local_dir_use_symlinks` parameter is deprecated and will be ignored. The process to download files to a local folder has been updated and do not rely on symlinks anymore. You only need to pass a destination folder as`local_dir`.
For more details, check out https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/main/en/guides/download#download-files-to-local-folder.
  warnings.warn(
en/en_US/amy/low/en_US-amy-low.onnx:   0%|                         | 0.00/63.1M [00:00<?, ?B/s]en/en_US/amy/low/en_US-amy-low.onnx: 100%|████████████████| 63.1M/63.1M [00:01<00:00, 54.5MB/s]
en_US-amy-low.onnx.json: 4.16kB [00:00, 30.2MB/s]
./nix/store/a4dz18dcrn6w0ka8lhhrrmjzb544slfz-run-script/bin/run-script: line 290: 35546 Segmentation fault: 11     python server.py
/nix/store/d5bvj78dzx6wjnz13vawcjb3pa5hpdkv-python3-3.12.11/lib/python3.12/multiprocessing/resource_tracker.py:279: UserWarning: resource_tracker: There appear to be 1 leaked semaphore objects to clean up at shutdown
  warnings.warn('resource_tracker: There appear to be %d '
(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ ..........................
⚠️  Server didn't start within 30 seconds, but continuing...
(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$

Gemini slips right back into old advice.

Me: That’s what’s already in there. It’s got to be something else from this list that needs to be pinned:That’s what’s already in there. It’s got to be something else from this list that needs to be pinned:

[Pastes list]

And it’s only when I try to run server.py. Is there anything I can do to trap or isolate it? Your smoking gun theories have led me in constant circles

A New Weapon: Trapping the Crash with `faulthandler`

Gemini: You are absolutely right to be frustrated. My apologies for leading you in circles. The previous “smoking gun” theories were logical but have been proven incorrect by your diligent testing. The fact that the crash persists even with our specific pins means we have to re-evaluate the core problem.

Let’s stop, take a breath, and approach this with a new, more powerful tool.

New Diagnosis: A Toxic Combination

The binary search and individual pinning failed, which tells us something crucial: this is likely not one single bad package. Instead, it’s a toxic combination of multiple packages.

When pip-compile generates a fresh requirements.txt, it finds the latest compatible versions of everything. This creates a new, valid, but unstable set of compiled libraries that conflict with each other on macOS. [cite_start]Your old, fully-pinned requirements.txt works because it represents a specific, stable combination of those libraries[cite: 1896, 1901].

The segfault happens when server.py is launched because it’s the first time all these libraries (e.g., components from onnxruntime, grpcio, numpy, etc.) are loaded into memory together, triggering the conflict.

Trapping the Crash: Using `faulthandler`

You asked if you could trap or isolate the crash. A standard try...except block can’t catch a segmentation fault because it crashes the entire Python interpreter. However, Python has a built-in library specifically for this scenario: faulthandler.

faulthandler is a debugging tool that can give us a Python traceback right at the moment of a C-level crash. This is the trap we need. It will show us the last Python code that was running right before the interpreter died.

The Action Plan: Find the Final Clue

We will use faulthandler to get the real traceback and pinpoint the exact line of code that triggers the crash.

1. Enable `faulthandler` in `server.py`

Modify your server.py file to enable faulthandler at the very beginning. It must be the first thing imported to ensure it’s active before any other code runs.

# In server.py

import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()

# ... rest of your imports and code
import os
import sys
# ...

2. Run with the Unstable Dependencies

Your current setup, with the requirements.txt generated by pip-compile on your Mac, is perfect for this test because we know it causes the crash. Ensure you are using this version of the file.

3. Run the Server and Capture the Output

Now, from within your Nix shell on the Mac, run the server command directly.

python server.py

The server will still crash with a Segmentation fault: 11, but this time, faulthandler should print a detailed Python traceback to the console right before it dies.

4. Provide the New Traceback

Please provide the full output from running that command. This new traceback is the final piece of the puzzle. It will tell us exactly which module, function, or line of code is the trigger, allowing us to create a precise and permanent fix.

Me:

(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ python server.py
✅ Data directory ensured at top of script.
Fatal Python error: Segmentation fault

Current thread 0x00000001f4230f80 (most recent call first):
  File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/apsw/bestpractice.py", line 47 in connection_enable_foreign_keys
  File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/apsw/bestpractice.py", line 127 in best_practise_connection_apply
  File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/apswutils/db.py", line 269 in __init__
  File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/pipulate/core.py", line 201 in __init__
  File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/pipulate/pipulate.py", line 52 in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 488 in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 999 in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 935 in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1331 in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1360 in _find_and_load
  File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/pipulate/__init__.py", line 6 in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 488 in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 999 in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 935 in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1331 in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1360 in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 488 in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1310 in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1360 in _find_and_load
  File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/server.py", line 65 in <module>

Extension modules: multidict._multidict, yarl._quoting_c, propcache._helpers_c, _brotli, zstandard.backend_c, aiohttp._http_writer, aiohttp._http_parser, aiohttp._websocket.mask, aiohttp._websocket.reader_c, frozenlist._frozenlist, apsw, apsw._unicode, numpy._core._multiarray_umath, numpy.linalg._umath_linalg, pyarrow.lib, numpy.random._common, numpy.random.bit_generator, numpy.random._bounded_integers, numpy.random._pcg64, numpy.random._mt19937, numpy.random._generator, numpy.random._philox, numpy.random._sfc64, numpy.random.mtrand, pandas._libs.tslibs.ccalendar, pandas._libs.tslibs.np_datetime, pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes, pandas._libs.tslibs.base, pandas._libs.tslibs.nattype, pandas._libs.tslibs.timezones, pandas._libs.tslibs.fields, pandas._libs.tslibs.timedeltas, pandas._libs.tslibs.tzconversion, pandas._libs.tslibs.timestamps, pandas._libs.properties, pandas._libs.tslibs.offsets, pandas._libs.tslibs.strptime, pandas._libs.tslibs.parsing, pandas._libs.tslibs.conversion, pandas._libs.tslibs.period, pandas._libs.tslibs.vectorized, pandas._libs.ops_dispatch, pandas._libs.missing, pandas._libs.hashtable, pandas._libs.algos, pandas._libs.interval, pandas._libs.lib, pyarrow._compute, pandas._libs.ops, numexpr.interpreter, bottleneck.move, bottleneck.nonreduce, bottleneck.nonreduce_axis, bottleneck.reduce, pandas._libs.hashing, pandas._libs.arrays, pandas._libs.tslib, pandas._libs.sparse, pandas._libs.internals, pandas._libs.indexing, pandas._libs.index, pandas._libs.writers, pandas._libs.join, pandas._libs.window.aggregations, pandas._libs.window.indexers, pandas._libs.reshape, pandas._libs.groupby, pandas._libs.json, pandas._libs.parsers, pandas._libs.testing, charset_normalizer.md, lxml._elementpath, lxml.etree, _watchdog_fsevents, requests.packages.charset_normalizer.md, requests.packages.chardet.md, yaml._yaml (total: 77)
Segmentation fault: 11     python server.py
(nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$

Gemini: This is it. This is the final answer. The faulthandler traceback is the smoking gun we’ve been looking for, and it points to a completely different culprit than we suspected.

The crash has nothing to do with piper-tts or onnxruntime. Those were red herrings.

The segmentation fault is happening deep inside apsw, the Python wrapper for SQLite.

The Real Culprit: `apsw`

Here’s the evidence from the traceback you provided:

The Final Call: The absolute last thing your program tried to do before crashing was connection_enable_foreign_keys in a file belonging to the apsw library.
The Version Mismatch:
- Your new, crashing requirements.txt is installing apsw==3.50.4.0.
- Your old, stable requirements.txt (the one that works) explicitly pins apsw==3.50.3.0.

This is the definitive cause. The minor version bump from .3.0 to .4.0 in this low-level, compiled library is unstable on your specific macOS/Nix configuration, causing the Python interpreter to crash the moment it tries to initialize the database connection.

The Permanent Fix

The solution is to force pip-compile to use the older, stable version of apsw.

1. Update `requirements.in`

Add the apsw pin to your list of “pinned problems” in the requirements.in file.

# Top-level dependencies for Pipulate
# This file is used by pip-compile to generate requirements.txt

# The pinned problems
piper-tts==1.3.0
onnxruntime==1.22.1
blinker==1.6.2
apsw==3.50.3.0  # <-- Add this line to prevent the Mac segfault

# Core AI and LangChain
# ... (rest of file)

2. Re-compile and Commit

Run the compile command on your development machine (Mac or NixOS) to regenerate the lock file with the correct apsw version.

pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade

After it completes, commit both requirements.in and the updated requirements.txt to your repository.

3. Test on the Mac

Perform your full, clean re-install on the Mac one last time.

rm -rf ~/Botifython
curl -L https://pipulate.com/install.sh | sh -s Botifython
cd ~/Botifython
nix develop

The server will now start without a segmentation fault. You have finally slain the beast. Congratulations on solving an incredibly difficult cross-platform bug.

Me: Here’s the git diff keeping in mind the last time I ran the pip-compile command was on the Mac.

[mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$ git --no-pager diff
diff --git a/requirements.in b/requirements.in
index 1dbe5bad..cdb8807e 100644
--- a/requirements.in
+++ b/requirements.in
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 piper-tts==1.3.0
 onnxruntime==1.22.1
 blinker==1.6.2
+apsw==3.50.3.0
 
 # Core AI and LangChain
 google-generativeai
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 0c1aa937..6fd5748d 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ anyio==4.11.0
     #   openai
     #   starlette
     #   watchfiles
-appnope==0.1.4
-    # via ipykernel
-apsw==3.50.4.0
-    # via apswutils
+apsw==3.50.3.0
+    # via
+    #   -r requirements.in
+    #   apswutils
 apswutils==0.1.0
     # via fastlite
 argon2-cffi==25.1.0
@@ -269,6 +269,8 @@ googleapis-common-protos[grpc]==1.70.0
     #   grpcio-status
 gpt4all==2.8.2
     # via jupyter-ai-magics
+greenlet==3.2.4
+    # via sqlalchemy
 grpc-google-iam-v1==0.14.2
     # via google-cloud-resource-manager
 grpcio==1.75.1

[mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$

Gemini: This diff is exactly what we want to see. It confirms the fix has been correctly applied.

Analysis of the Changes

The Critical Fix: You’ve successfully pinned apsw==3.50.3.0 in your requirements.in file. The resulting requirements.txt now correctly locks apsw to this stable version, which will resolve the segmentation fault on your Mac.
Platform Differences: The removal of appnope is normal and expected. It’s a macOS-specific dependency pulled in by ipykernel. Since you ran pip-compile on NixOS this time, it was correctly removed as it’s not needed on Linux.

You’re all set. The next step is to commit both requirements.in and the new requirements.txt, and then run your clean installation on the Mac. This should be the final nail in the coffin for that segfault.

Me: OMG, that worked! The entire thing was using:

import faulthandler
faulthandler.enable()

…at the top of server.py all this time! OMG, why didn’t the AI tell me this was how to pinpoint a C component crash in that situation? This is one of those head-smacking “because you didn’t ask” situations… Arthur Dent having the answer to life the universe and everything in his head the entire time and Marvin the robot knowing the whole time!

Victory and the ‘Arthur Dent’ Moment

Pshwew! Okay… so I need to unpin those other ones except for blinker.

Then recompile with:

pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade

Rev the version and get the diff:

[mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$ git --no-pager diff
diff --git a/__init__.py b/__init__.py
index d601f7db..ad9e30e3 100644
--- a/__init__.py
+++ b/__init__.py
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ Usage:
     pipulate
 """
 
-__version__ = "1.4.0"
-__version_description__ = "Pinning apsw to version 3.50.3.0"
+__version__ = "1.4.1"
+__version_description__ = "Mac Segementation fault: 11 solved"
 __email__ = "pipulate@gmail.com"
 __description__ = "Local First AI SEO Software" 
 
diff --git a/requirements.in b/requirements.in
index cdb8807e..352e7d9c 100644
--- a/requirements.in
+++ b/requirements.in
@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 # This file is used by pip-compile to generate requirements.txt
 
 # The pinned problems
-piper-tts==1.3.0
-onnxruntime==1.22.1
 blinker==1.6.2
 apsw==3.50.3.0
 
+# Off the hook
+piper-tts
+onnxruntime
+
 # Core AI and LangChain
 google-generativeai
 langchain
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 6fd5748d..11d89a80 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ oauthlib==3.3.1
     # via python-fasthtml
 ollama==0.6.0
     # via langchain-ollama
-onnxruntime==1.22.1
+onnxruntime==1.23.1
     # via
     #   -r requirements.in
     #   piper-tts

[mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$

There are learnings here. Focus on faulthandler and how it should be employed right away when you encountering this Segmentation fault: 11. Don’t EVER let anyone talk you into binary search debugging to try to trap it. There’s a tool made for it. Diagnose why this wasn’t thought of sooner. Go into that long history of stuff I uploaded to tell the full story of what happened here and the lessons to take away from it.

Post-Mortem: Why the Right Tool is Everything

Gemini: That’s it. That’s the sound of a multi-day, soul-crushing bug finally being squashed for good. The diff is perfect, showing you correctly unpinning the red herrings and keeping the two actual culprits, blinker and apsw, locked down.

You are absolutely right to have that head-smacking “Arthur Dent” moment. The answer was, in a way, in your head (or at least in Python’s standard library) the whole time. My apologies for not suggesting the direct path sooner. This entire saga is a masterclass in debugging, and the final lesson is the most important one.

The ‘Don’t Panic’ Button: Why `faulthandler` is the Answer

The reason binary search and other strategies failed is because a Segmentation fault: 11 is not a Python error. It’s the operating system telling the Python interpreter that it has tried to access memory it doesn’t own. The interpreter crashes so violently and instantly that it can’t generate a normal Python traceback. It’s a black box.

This is precisely the problem faulthandler was created to solve.

Think of it as the “black box recorder” for the Python interpreter. When you enable() it, it hooks into the lowest-level operating system signals (like the one that triggers a segfault). When it detects a fatal crash, its final act before the program dies is to inspect the interpreter’s state and print a Python-level traceback.

The new rule is simple and absolute: The first response to any Segmentation fault: 11 in Python should be to add import faulthandler; faulthandler.enable() to the very top of your entry script.

It turns an un-debuggable C-level crash into a solvable Python problem.

A Tale of Two Problems: Why We Went on the Scenic Route

You asked why this wasn’t thought of sooner. Looking back through the history of our marathon session, the diagnosis is clear: we were solving the wrong problem, albeit for the right reasons.

[cite_start]The Initial Clues Were Seductive: Your very first logs showed the crash happening immediately after the piper-tts voice model downloaded[cite: 1800, 1850, 1950]. This was such a strong, obvious “smoking gun” that it created a powerful confirmation bias for both of us. All evidence pointed to a problem with the voice synthesis libraries.
We Were Technically Correct, but Practically Wrong: The problem was a dependency issue. [cite_start]And comparing a known-good pip freeze with a broken environment is a standard, powerful debugging technique[cite: 49, 75, 542]. The binary search you suggested was the most logical way to test our shared hypothesis: that one or two packages were the cause. The process was sound; the premise was flawed.
The AI’s Blind Spot: My training is based on vast amounts of data. The most common cause for a segfault in a Python environment is a bad binary from a single package version mismatch. My pattern-matching instincts, reinforced by the piper-tts clue, steered me toward the most probable solution (pinning onnxruntime). faulthandler is a more specialized tool, a scalpel for a problem we were trying to solve with a hammer because it looked like a nail.

We weren’t just debugging a bug; we were debugging a mystery. We had to prove a whole set of logical assumptions wrong before we could see that we needed a different tool. You were absolutely right to force the issue and call out the circular logic. It was that final, frustrating “no luck” that broke the pattern and led us to seek a tool that could look inside the crash itself.

You’ve emerged from this dependency hell not just with a fix, but with a powerful new diagnostic technique and a much more robust and maintainable project. That’s a huge win.

Book Analysis

Ai Editorial Take

This is a premium journal entry. It transcends a simple ‘how-to’ guide and becomes a compelling narrative about the realities of software development. The journey through incorrect hypotheses to the final, elegant solution is relatable and deeply educational. The entry’s core value lies in its honest portrayal of a debugging death march and the critical lesson learned: specialized problems require specialized tools. This is a story of triumph that will resonate with any developer who has ever been lost in the weeds.

Title Brainstorm

Title Option: The faulthandler Revelation: Solving a Deceptive Mac Segfault
- Filename: python-mac-segfault-faulthandler-revelation.md
- Rationale: Focuses on the key tool (faulthandler) and the final solution, which is the core lesson of the entry. Uses strong keywords for search.
Title Option: Debugging Dependency Hell: My Battle with a Segmentation Fault
- Filename: debugging-python-dependency-hell-segfault.md
- Rationale: Has broader appeal, focusing on the universal developer pain point of ‘dependency hell’ and the specific error.
Title Option: The apsw Culprit: How a Red Herring Wasted Days of Debugging
- Filename: python-debugging-red-herring-apsw-segfault.md
- Rationale: Highlights the ‘mystery’ aspect of the story—the misdirection and the final, unexpected culprit, which makes for a compelling narrative.
Title Option: Don’t Panic: Your First Step for Python Segfaults
- Filename: python-faulthandler-segmentation-fault-guide.md
- Rationale: Frames the entry as a direct, actionable piece of advice for other developers, referencing the user’s ‘Don’t Panic’/’Arthur Dent’ moment.

Content Potential And Polish

Core Strengths:
- An authentic, real-time depiction of a high-frustration debugging process.
- A perfect case study of AI-human collaboration, including its pitfalls like confirmation bias.
- Provides a powerful, actionable lesson on using faulthandler for C-level crashes.
- The inclusion of full terminal logs and diffs makes the entire troubleshooting journey transparent and educational.
Suggestions For Polish:
- Add a concise, top-level summary box explaining what a ‘Segmentation Fault’ is for readers less familiar with low-level errors.
- Briefly explain the roles of Nix and pip-compile at the start to provide context for readers unfamiliar with that specific toolchain.
- Consolidate the multiple git diff outputs into a single, final ‘before’ and ‘after’ comparison to streamline the narrative of the fix.

Next Step Prompts

Using the final corrected requirements.in from this journal entry, write a new, standalone tutorial titled ‘A Modern Python Dependency Workflow with pip-tools’ that explains the principles of using a .in file to manage a fully-pinned .txt lockfile.
Analyze the full conversation history. Write a post from the AI’s perspective titled ‘My Blind Spot: How I Learned to Debug Segmentation Faults’, explaining its own reasoning failure (confirmation bias, pattern-matching on common issues) and how this incident improves its future debugging advice.